SriLanka - A Country Study

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Country Profile GEOGRAPHY SOCIETY ECONOMY TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS NATIONAL SECURITY Introduction Chapter 1. Historical Setting ORIGINS Ancient Legends and Chronicles The Impact of Buddhism THE CLASSICAL AGE, 200 B.C.-A.D. 1200 Rise of Sinhalese and Tamil Ethnic Awareness DECLINE OF THE SINHALESE KINGDOM, 1200-1500 A Weakened State: Invasion, Disease, and Social Instability EUROPEAN ENCROACHMENT AND DOMINANCE, 1500-1948 The Portuguese The Dutch The British The British Replace the Dutch Modernization and Reform The Colebrooke-Cameron Reforms Economic Innovations Rise of the Sri Lankan Middle Class Buddhist Revivalism Constitutional Reform World War I The Donoughmore Commission Growth of Leftist Parties World War II and the Transition to Independence INDEPENDENCE Divisions in the Body Politic United National Party "Majority" Rule, 1948-56 Emergence of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party Tamil Politics Sri Lanka Freedom Party Rule, 1956-65 Populist Economic Policies United National Party Interlude The United National Party Regains Power, 1965-70 United Front Rule and Emerging Violence, 1970-77 The United National Party Returns to Power Election of 1977 and More Violence Constitution of 1978 The Riots of 1981 Presidential Election of 1982 The Riots of July 1983 Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Topography Climate Ecological Zones Land Use and Settlement Patterns THE PEOPLE Population Ethnic Groups Sinhalese Tamils Muslims Burghers Veddah Ethnic Group Relations SOCIAL ORGANIZATION Nature of Caste Caste among the Sinhalese Caste among the Tamils Caste Interactions in Daily Life Family RELIGION The Life and Message of the Buddha The Buddhist Community Popular Sinhalese Religion Buddhism and Politics Hinduism Islam Christianity SOCIAL SERVICES Education The Modern Education System Education and Ethnic Conflict Health Living Conditions Chapter 3. The Economy NATURE OF THE ECONOMY Structure of the Economy Role of Government Development Planning The Economy in the Late 1980s AGRICULTURE Changing Patterns Land Use Government Policies Land Tenure Cropping Pattern INDUSTRY Changing Patterns Industrial Policies Manufacturing Construction Mining ENERGY TRANSPORTATION TELECOMMUNICATIONS LABOR Characteristics and Occupational Distribution Government Labor Policies Working Conditions Labor Relations TRADE Internal Trade External Trade Foreign Exchange System External Debt FINANCE Budgetary Process, Revenues, and Expenditures Foreign Aid Fiscal Administration Monetary Process TOURISM Chapter 4. Government and Politics POLITICS AND SOCIETY The Sinhalese: Racial Uniqueness and Politicized Buddhism Tamil Exclusivism THE 1978 CONSTITUTION AND GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS Historical Perspective, 1802-1978 Government Institutions Presidency and Parliament Local Government Electoral System Judiciary Civil Service THE POLITICAL PARTY SYSTEM Sinhalese Parties The Sri Lanka Freedom Party The Marxist Parties The People's United Front Tamil United Liberation Front Other Parties Electoral Performance THE EMERGENCE OF EXTREMIST GROUPS Tamil Alienation Tamil Militant Groups Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Other Tamil Groups The 1984 All Party Conference India's Perspective The Eastern Province Question FOREIGN RELATIONS Relations with Western States The Indo-Sri Lankan Accord and Foreign Relations Chapter 5. National Security PRIMARY THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY The Tamil Insurgency Insurgent Groups Major Incidents of the Insurgency The Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna THE ARMED FORCES Historical Background The Armed Forces under British Rule The Armed Forces after Independence Structure and Administration of the Armed Forces The Army The Navy The Air Force Conditions of Service Ethnic Composition of the Armed Forces Women in the Armed Forces Awards in the Armed Forces Foreign Military Relations Foreign Military Presence The Defense Budget NATIONAL POLICE AND PARAMILITARY FORCES Strength The Home Guard THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Criminal Justice and the Effects of Insurgency The Penal Code Criminal Procedure and the Structure of the Courts Rules of Search, Arrest, and Detention Executive Powers of Pardon and Commutation Drug Abuse and Drug Legislation

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