Algeria - A Country Study

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COUNTRY PROFILE GEOGRAPHY ECONOMY TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS NATIONAL SECURITY INTRODUCTION Chapter 1. Historical Setting PREHISTORY OF CENTRAL NORTH AFRICA NORTH AFRICA DURING THE CLASSICAL PERIOD The Roman Era Vandals and Byzantines ISLAM AND THE ARABS, 642-1830 Fatimids Almoravids Almohads Zayanids Marabouts European Offensive Privateers Ottoman Rule Relations with the United States FRANCE IN ALGERIA, 1830-1962 The Land and Colonizers Opposition to the Occupation Abd al Qadir Colonization and Military Control Hegemony of the Colons Algerian Nationalism Political Movements Viollette Plan Polarization and Politicization War of Independence FLN Philippeville Conduct of the War Committee of Public Safety De Gaulle The Generals' Putsch INDEPENDENT ALGERIA, 1962-92 Aftermath of the War Ben Bella and the FLN Boumediene Regime Chadli Bendjedid and Afterward Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment PHYSICAL SETTING Geographic Regions The High Plateaus and the Saharan Atlas Northeastern Algeria The Sahara Climate and Hydrology Terrain POPULATION Migration Urbanization and Density ETHNIC GROUPS AND LANGUAGES Languages: Arabic and Berber Arabization STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY The Revolution and Social Change Toward a Modern Society THE INDIVIDUAL, THE FAMILY, AND THE SEXES Family and Household Men and Women Family Code Family Planning ISLAM Early History Tenets of Islam Islam and the Algerian State RELIGIOUS MINORITIES EDUCATION HEALTH AND WELFARE Social Welfare Housing Chapter 3. The Economy DEVELOPMENT PLANNING GOVERNMENT ROLE PUBLIC FINANCES Budget External Debt and Payments Currency and Exchange Rates Foreign Aid Investments SERVICES Tourism LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENERGY Minerals Electric Power INDUSTRY Manufacturing Construction AGRICULTURE Land Tenure and Reform Crops Livestock Forestry Fishing Transportation Railroads Ports Roads Airports Telecommunications TRADE Trading Partners Exports and Imports Balance of Payments Trade Account TRENDS Chapter 4. Government and Politics POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT The Revolutionary Period and Independence The "Heroic" Stage: Ben Bella's Regime, 1962-65 Boumediene and the Socialist Experiment Formation of the Second Algerian Republic, 1976-79 Recent Political Events Democratization, October 1988-January 11, 1992 Return to Authoritarianism, January 11, 1992 POLITICAL STRUCTURE AND PROCESSES Structure of the National Government Executive: Presidential System Legislative: National People's Assembly Role of Political Parties Legalization of Political Parties and Beginnings of a Pluralist System Electoral System Judicial System Supreme Court Provincial Courts Military Tribunals Local and Regional Government Wilayat Dawair Municipal Government Political Configuration: The Army-Party-State Triangle The Elite Military Dictatorship National Consultative Council The Islamist Factor The Islamist Movement since the Late 1980s Role of the FIS CIVIL SOCIETY The Algerian General Workers' Union and the Workers' Movement Youth and Student Unions The National Union of Algerian Farmers The Entrepreneurial Class Socialist Vanguard Party The Women's Movement The Press The Arabization Movement FOREIGN POLICY Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Arab and Middle East Affairs The West The United States France and the Mediterranean Countries Chapter 5. National Security EXTERNAL SECURITY PROBLEMS AND POLICIES Security Interests Outside the Maghrib Security Problems with Neighboring States Strategic Perspectives DOMESTIC SECURITY CONCERNS Islamic Opposition Berber Separatism THE MILITARY HERITAGE The Military and Boumediene THE ARMED FORCES Army Air Force Navy Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia Personnel and Recruitment Conditions of Service THE DEFENSE BURDEN FOREIGN MILITARY ASSISTANCE INTERNAL SECURITY Gendarmerie Nationale Sû Intelligence Agencies Criminal Justice System Prison Conditions

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